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by Pope Benedict XVI
Dear brothers and sisters,
With the Christmas novena that we are celebrating in these days, the Church
invites us to live intensely and profoundly the preparation for the birth of the
Savior, which is nearly upon us.
The desire that all of us have in our hearts is that, in the midst of the
frenetic activity of our days, the coming feast of Christmas gives us serene and
profound joy to enable us to touch the goodness of our God with our hands and to
fill us with new energy.
To better understand the meaning of the birth of the Lord, I would like to
briefly refer to the historical origin of this solemnity. In fact, the
liturgical year of the Church did not initially develop beginning with the birth
of Christ, but rather from faith in the Resurrection. Because of this the most
ancient feast of Christianity is not Christmas, but Easter: The resurrection of
Christ is at the base of Christian faith; it is at the base of the proclamation
of the Gospel and gives birth to the Church. Therefore to be Christians means to
live in the mode of Easter, connecting ourselves to the dynamic that comes from
baptism, which brings death to sin to live with God (cf. Romans 6:4).
The first one to clearly affirm that Jesus was born on Dec. 25 was Hippolytus of
Rome in his commentary on the Book of the prophet Daniel, written around 204.
One exegete observes, moreover, that on this day was celebrated the Dedication
of the Temple of Jerusalem, instituted by Judas Maccabeus in 164 B.C.. The
concurrence of dates would come to mean that with Jesus, appearing as light of
God in the night, advent of God to this earth, the consecration of the temple is
truly fulfilled.
Within Christianity, the feast of Christmas took on a definite form in the
fourth century, when it took the place of the Roman feast of "sol invictus," the
invincible sun. Thus was shown that the birth of Christ is the victory of true
light over the darkness of evil and sin. Yet, the unique and intense spiritual
atmosphere that surrounds Christmas developed in the Middle Ages, thanks to St.
Francis of Assisi, who was profoundly in love with Jesus as man, with
God-with-us.
His first biographer, Thomas of Celano, in the "Vita Seconda," narrates that St.
Francis, "above the other solemnities, celebrated with ineffable attention the
birth of Baby Jesus, and he called the feast of feasts the day on which God,
become a small child, nursed at a human breast" (Fonti Francescane, No. 199, p.
492).
From this particular devotion to the mystery of the Incarnation came the famous
celebration of Christmas in Greccio. Most probably, St. Francis was inspired to
have this celebration by his pilgrimage to the Holy Land and by the manger of
St. Mary Major in Rome. What moved the Poor Man of Assisi was the desire to
experience in an actual, concrete and living way the humble greatness of the
event of Baby Jesus' birth, and to communicate his joy to everyone.
In the first biography, Thomas of Celano speaks of the night of Bethlehem in
Greccio in a lively and moving manner, offering a decisive contribution to the
spreading of this most beautiful Christmas tradition, the Nativity scene. The
night of Greccio, in fact, has given back to Christianity the intensity and the
beauty of the feast of Christmas, and has educated the people of God to learn
its most authentic message, its particular warmth, and to love and adore the
humanity of Christ.
This particular approach to Christmas has brought a new dimension to Christian
faith. Easter had focused attention on the power of God who overcomes death,
inaugurates new life and teaches us to hope in the world to come. With St.
Francis and his nativity, the defenseless love of God was shown, his humility
and goodness, which in the incarnation of the Word is manifested to man so as to
teach a new way to live and to love.
Celano narrates that, on that Christmas night, Francis was given a marvelous
vision. He saw a little child lying still in a manger; the child woke up because
Francis approached. And he adds: "This vision was not different than real life,
since through the work of his grace acting by way of his holy servant Francis,
the Child Jesus was resurrected in the hearts of many, people who had forgotten
him, and this was deeply impressed on his loving memory" (Vita prima, op. cit.,
n. 86, p. 307).
These lines describe very well how Francis' living faith in and love for the
humanity of Christ have been transmitted to the Christian feast of Christmas:
the discovery that God reveals himself in the tiny fingers of the Child Jesus.
Thanks to St. Francis, the Christian people have been able to perceive that at
Christmas, God truly has become Emmanuel, God-with-us, from whom no barrier or
distance can separate us. In this Child, God has come so near to each one of us,
so close, that we can address him with confidence and maintain with him a
trusting relationship of deep affection, as we do with a newborn.
In this Child, in fact, God-Love is manifested: God comes without weapons,
without strength, because he does not aim to conquer, we could say, from
without, but rather wants to be welcomed by man in liberty. God becomes a
defenseless Child to conquer man's pride, violence and desire to possess. In
Jesus, God took up this poor and defenseless condition to conquer with love and
lead us to our true identity. We should not forget that the greatest title of
Jesus Christ is precisely that of "Son," Son of God. Divine dignity is indicated
with a term that makes reference to the humble condition of the manger in
Bethlehem, though corresponding uniquely to his divinity, which is the divinity
of the "Son."
His condition as a Child also shows us how we can find God and enjoy his
presence. It is in the light of Christmas that we can understand the words of
Jesus: "Unless you turn and become like children, you will not enter the kingdom
of heaven" (Matthew 18:3).
He who has not understood the mystery of Christmas has not understood the
decisive element of Christian existence. He who does not welcome Jesus with the
heart of a child cannot enter the kingdom of heaven. This is what Francis wanted
to remind Christianity of his age and of every age, until today.
Let us pray to the Father so that he concedes to our hearts this simplicity that
recognizes the Lord in this Child, precisely as Francis did in Greccio. Then, we
too can experience what Thomas of Celano said happened to those present in the
event in Greccio -- referring to the experience of the shepherds on the holy
night (cf. Luke 2:20) -- "Each one returned to his house filled with an
ineffable joy" (Vita prima, op. cit., n. 86, p. 479).
This is the wish that I affectionately express to all of you, to your families
and loved ones. Merry Christmas to everyone!
Pope's Address to the English Speaking Audience
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
In these last days before Christmas, the Church invites us to contemplate the
mystery of Christ's Birth and to experience the joy and hope which the newborn
Saviour brings into our world. Gazing on the Christ Child lying in the manger,
we contemplate the love of a God who humbly asks us to welcome him into our
hearts and into our world. By coming among us as a helpless Child, God conquers
our hearts not by force, but by love, and thus teaches us the way to authentic
freedom, peace and fulfillment. This Christmas, may the Lord grant us simplicity
of heart, so that we may recognize his presence and love in the lowly Babe of
Bethlehem, and, like the shepherds, return to our homes filled with ineffable
joy and gladness.
I offer a warm welcome to the English-speaking visitors present at today's
audience, especially the groups from the Philippines and the United States. In
these holy days, may you and your families draw ever closer to the Lord and
experience His heavenly gifts of love, joy and peace. Merry Christmas!
Source: General Audience in Paul VI Hall on the Feast of Christ's Birth,
December 23, 2009.
©Copyright 2009 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana
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